Mhando dzedhayi pamicheka dzakaoma kuziva neziso rakashama uye dzinofanirwa kunyatsotemwa kuburikidza nemakemikari nzira.Nzira yedu yazvino ndeyekuvimba nemhando dzedhayi dzakapihwa nefekitori kana munyoreri wekuongorora, pamwe neruzivo rwevaongorori uye kunzwisisa kwavo fekitori yekugadzira.kutonga.Kana isu tikasaziva rudzi rwedhayi pachine nguva, zvinokwanisika kuti zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera zvichange zvichitongwa sezvigadzirwa zvinogoneka, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvichave nekukanganisa kukuru.Kune nzira dzakawanda dzemakemikari dzekuziva madhayi, uye maitiro akajairwa akaomarara, anodya nguva uye anonyanya kushanda.Naizvozvo, chinyorwa ichi chinosuma nzira iri nyore yekuziva mhando dzedhayi pane cellulose fiber mumachira akadhindwa uye akadhayiwa.
musimboti
Sarudza misimboti yenzira dzakareruka dzekuzivikanwa
Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekudhaya dhayi pamicheka, mhando dzedhayi dzinowanzoshanda dzezvakajairwa machira emachira ndeaya anotevera:
Acrylic fiber-cationic dhayi
Nylon uye mapuroteni fibers-asidhi dhayi
Polyester uye mamwe makemikari fibers-anoparadzira dhayi
Cellulosic fibers - yakananga, yakasvibiswa, inoshanda, vat, naftol, machira uye phthalocyanine dhayi.
Kune machira akasanganiswa kana akarukwa, marudzi edhayi anoshandiswa zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvawo.Semuenzaniso, yepolyester nekotoni inosanganiswa, chikamu chepolyester chinogadzirwa nedhayi dzakapararira, nepo chikamu chekotoni chinogadzirwa nemhando dzedhayi dzinoenderana dzakataurwa pamusoro apa, sekuparadzira / makotoni akasanganiswa.Chiito, kupararira/kuderedza maitiro, nezvimwewo. Kusanganisira machira nembatya zvinhu zvakaita setambo uye webhu.
Nzira
1. Sampling uye pre-processing
Matanho akakosha ekuona rudzi rwedhayi pane cellulose fiber sampling uye sampuli pretreatment.Paunenge uchitora muenzaniso, zvikamu zvedhayi imwechete zvinofanira kutorwa.Kana sampuli ine toni dzakawanda, ruvara rwega rwega runofanira kutorwa.Kana fiber identification ichidiwa, iyo fiber mhando inofanira kusimbiswa maererano neFZ/TO1057 standard.Kana pane kusvibiswa, mafuta, uye slurry pamuenzaniso unozokanganisa kuedza, inofanira kubatwa ne detergent mumvura inopisa pa 60-70 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, yakashambidzwa uye yakaomeswa.Kana sampuli ichizivikanwa kuva resin-yapera, shandisa nzira dzinotevera.
1) Tora uric acid resin ne 1% hydrochloric acid pa 70-80 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, geza uye woomesa.
2) Kune acrylic resin, sampuli inogona kugadziriswa pa50-100 nguva kwemaawa 2-3, uye yakashambidzwa uye yakaomeswa.
3) Silicone resin inogona kurapwa ne 5g/L sipo uye 5g/L sodium carbonate 90cI kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, yakashambidzwa nekuomeswa.
2. Kuzivikanwa nzira yedhayi dzakananga
Fashaidza sampuli ne5 kusvika ku10 mL yemushonga une mvura ine 1 mL yemvura yakadzikama yeammonia kuti ubvise dhayi zvizere.
Bvisa sample yabviswa, isa 10-30mg yemucheka muchena wedonje uye 5-50mg yesodium chloride mumushonga wekubvisa, bika kwe40-80s, siya kuti itonhore uye wogeza nemvura.Kana jira jena redonje rakadhayiwa kuita rinenge rakafanana nesamuenzaniso, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti dhayi inoshandiswa kudhayi samuenzaniso idhayi yakananga.
3. Nzira yekuziva sei sulfur dhayi
Isa 100-300mg sample mu35mL test tube, wedzera 2-3mL mvura, 1-2mL 10% sodium carbonate solution uye 200-400mg sodium sulfide, kupisa uye bika kwemaminetsi 1-2, tora 25-50mg jira jena redonje uye 10-20mg sampuli sodium chloride mune test tube.Birai kwemaminitsi 1-2.Ibudise uye uiise papepa resefa kuti ibvumire kuti iite oxidize.Kana chiedza chemavara chinoguma chakafanana nemuvara wepakutanga uye chinongosiyana mumumvuri, chinogona kuonekwa se sulfide kana sulfide vat dye.
4. Nzira yekuziva sei madhayi evat
Isa 100-300mg sample mu35mL test chubhu, wedzera 2-3mL mvura uye 0.5-1mL 10% sodium hydroxide solution, kupisa nekubikira, wobva wawedzera 10-20mg inishuwarenzi poda, bika kwe0.5-1min, bvisa sample woisa mu 25-10% sodium hydroxide solution.50mg jira jena redonje uye 0-20mg sodium chloride, ramba uchifashaira kwe40-80s, wozotonhorera kusvika kukamuri tembiricha.Bvisa jira redonje woriisa pabepa resefa kuitira oxidation.Kana iyo ruvara mushure me oxidation yakafanana nemuvara wepakutanga, inoratidza kuvapo kwedhayi yevat.
5. Nzira yekuziva sei Naftol dhayi
Fashaidza sampu mumazana zana huwandu hwe1% hydrochloric acid mhinduro kwemaminitsi matatu.Mushure mekunyatsogezwa nemvura, bikai ne5-10 mL ye1% yeammonia mvura kwemaminitsi maviri.Kana iyo dhayi isingakwanisi kubviswa kana huwandu hwekubvisa huri diki kwazvo, wobva waibata ne sodium hydroxide uye sodium dithionite.Mushure mekusvibiswa kana kusvibiswa, ruvara rwepakutanga harugone kudzorerwa kunyange kana rwakasvibiswa mumhepo, uye kuvapo kwesimbi hakugone kusimbiswa.Panguva ino, zvinotevera 2 bvunzo zvinogona kuitwa.Kana iyo dhayi inogona kubudiswa mu1) bvunzo, uye mu2) Mukuyedza, kana jira jena rekotoni rakadhayiwa yero uye rinoburitsa mwenje wefluorescent, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti dhayi inoshandiswa mumuenzaniso ndeyeNaftol dhayi.
1) Isa sampuli muchubhu yekuedza, wedzera 5mL yepyridine uye uifashaire kuti uone kana dhayi yabviswa.
2) Isa sampuli muchubhu yekuedza, wedzera 2 mL ye10% sodium hydroxide solution uye 5 mL ye ethanol, wedzera 5 mL yemvura uye sodium dithionite mushure mekuvira, uye bika kuderedza.Mushure mekutonhodza, sefa, isa jira jena redonje uye 20-30 mg sodium chloride mufiltrate, bika kwemaminetsi 1-2, siya kuti itonhore, buritsa jira redonje, uye tarisa kana jira redonje richiita fluoresces kana rakavhenekerwa neultraviolet mwenje.
6. Nzira yekuziva sei madhayi anoshanda
Unhu hwemadhayi anogadzirisa ndeokuti ane zvisungo zvemakemikari zvakagadzikana zvine fiber uye zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura uye zvinonyungudutsa.Parizvino, hapana kunyanya kujeka nzira yekuyedza.Muedzo wekupenda unogona kutanga waitwa, uchishandisa 1: 1 aqueous solution ye dimethylmethylamine uye 100% dimethylformamide kupendesa sampuli.Dhayi isina ruvara ndiyo dhayi reactive.Pazvipfeko zvezvipfeko zvakadai semabhandi ekotoni, dhayi dzakagadzikana dzakagadzikana dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
7. Nzira yekuziva sei pende
Coatings, anozivikanwawo sepigment, haana hukama hwefiber uye anoda kugadziriswa pamafiber kuburikidza neadhesive (kazhinji resin adhesive).Microscopy inogona kushandiswa pakuongorora.Kutanga bvisa chero starch kana resin finishing agents vanogona kunge varipo pamuenzaniso kuti vadzivise kupindira nekuzivikanwa kwedhayi.Wedzera 1 donho re ethyl salicylate kune fiber yakabatwa pamusoro, ivhare nekavha yekuvhara uye uione pasi pe microscope.Kana iyo fiber pamusoro ikaita granular, inogona kuzivikanwa se resin-bonded pigment (pende).
8. Nzira yekuziva sei phthalocyanine dyes
Kana yakadzika nitric acid inodonhedzwa pamuenzaniso, dhayi yakasvibira inopenya ndeye phthalocyanine.Uye zvakare, kana sampuli ichipiswa mumurazvo uye ichishanduka pachena kuti yakasvibira, inogona zvakare kuratidzwa kuti idhayi yephthalocyanine.
mukupedzisa
Iyo iri pamusoro inokurumidza yekuzivisa nzira ndeye yekukurumidza kuzivikanwa mhando dzedhayi pane cellulose fiber.Kuburikidza nematanho ari pamusoro ekuzivikanwa:
Kutanga, inogona kudzivisa upofu hunokonzerwa nekungovimba nemhando yedhayi inopiwa nemuiti uye kuva nechokwadi chekururama kwekutonga kwekuongorora;
Chechipiri, kuburikidza neiyi nzira yakapusa yekutariswa kwakanangwa, akawanda asina basa ekuzivikanwa bvunzo maitiro anogona kudzikiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-29-2023